Man Health Tips Biography
Source:- Google.com.pkMan flu may not be a myth after all, as scientist have found that men with high levels of testosterone have a hidden flaw - weak immune systems.
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The discovery could explain why men are more susceptible than women to a whole range of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections, researchers said.
It may also be the reason why men's immune systems respond less strongly to vaccinations against influenza, yellow fever, measles and hepatitis, along with many other infectious diseases.
Those who take testosterone supplements in the quest to gain muscle meanwhile, could be making themselves more susceptible to illness.
“This is the first study to show an explicit correlation between testosterone levels, gene expression and immune responsiveness in humans,” said US lead scientist Professor Mark Davis, from Stanford University.
“It could be food for thought to all the testosterone-supplement takers out there.”
The researchers studied how the immune systems of 34 men and 53 women were stimulated by the flu vaccine.
The jab generated a bigger boost in protective antibodies in women, with further analysis revealing activity that, in high testosterone men, was associated with a weakened antibody response. Men with low testosterone were not affected the same way.
Testosterone's anti-inflammatory properties may explain why it can weaken the immune system, said scientists writing in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Prof Davies said the reason why testosterone weakens the immune system yet boosts muscle power and aggression, may be linked to the man's evolutionary role.
Men are more likely than women to suffer injuries from competitive encounters, as well as their traditional roles of hunting, defence and potentially dangerous physical work, Prof Davies said. The dampening down the immune system makes male less susceptible to a potentially fatal over-reaction to infections, especially those from wounds.
“Ask yourself which sex is more likely to clash violently with, and do grievous bodily harm to, others of their own sex,” Prof Davis added.
Scientists have practically obliterated the ultimate symbol of maleness in DNA, the Y chromosome, and believe they may be able to do away with it completely.
They condensed all the genetic information normally found on a mouse's Y chromosome to just two genes.
Their study, in the journal Science, showed the male mice could still father babies, albeit needing advanced IVF.
The team in Hawaii argues that the findings could one day help infertile men with a damaged Y chromosome.
DNA is bundled into chromosomes.
In most mammals, including humans, one pair act as the sex chromosomes.
Inherit an X and Y from your parents and you turn out male, get a pair of Xs and the result is female.
Two genes 'enough'
X and Y chromosomes
A human X and Y chromosome
"The Y chromosome is a symbol of maleness," lead researcher Professor Monika Ward told the BBC.
In mice, the Y chromosome normally contains 14 distinct genes, with some present in up to a hundred copies.
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This is a great step forward in understanding basic biology”
Dr Chris Tyler-Smith
Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
The team at the University of Hawaii showed that genetically modified mice with a Y chromosome consisting of just two genes would develop normally and could even have babies of their own.
Prof Ward commented: "These mice are normally infertile, but we show it is possible to get live offspring when the Y chromosome is limited to just two genes by using assisted reproduction."
The mice could only produce rudimentary sperm. But they could have offspring with the help of an advanced form of IVF, called round spermatid injection, which involves injecting genetic information from the early sperm into an egg.
The resulting pups were healthy and lived a normal lifespan.
Reproduction still possible
The two necessary genes were Sry, which kick-starts the process of producing a male as an embryo develops, and Eif2s3y, which is involved in the first steps of sperm production.
However, Prof Ward argues it "may be possible to eliminate the Y chromosome" if the role of these genes could be reproduced in a different way, but added a world without men would be "crazy" and "science fiction".
"But on a practical level it shows that after large deletions of the Y chromosome it is still possible to reproduce, which potentially gives hope to men with these large deletions," she added.
Mouse and babies
The father has hardly any Y chromosome
The genes which were discarded are likely to be involved in the production of healthy sperm.
Dr Chris Tyler-Smith, from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, said: "This is a great step forward in understanding basic biology.
"But it is important to bear in mind that other mouse Y genes are needed for natural reproduction in mice and as the authors carefully emphasise, the conclusions cannot be applied directly to humans because humans don't have a direct equivalent of one of the key genes."
Dr Allan Pacey, a senior lecturer in andrology at the University of Sheffield, said: "This is a very interesting paper, trying to both unravel the genes responsible for sperm production and also shed light on the function of the Y-chromosome.
"The experiments are elegant and seem to show that in the mouse sperm production can be achieved when only two genes from the Y-chromosomes are present.
"Whilst this is of limited use in understanding human fertility, this kind of work is important if we are to unravel to complexities of how genes control fertility."
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Man Health Tips Health Tips For Men In Hindi In Urdu Before Marriage Pdf Before Marriage In Urdu Over 50 In Hindi Language In Tamil In Hindi Pdf In Tamil Language
Man Health Tips Health Tips For Men In Hindi In Urdu Before Marriage Pdf Before Marriage In Urdu Over 50 In Hindi Language In Tamil In Hindi Pdf In Tamil Language
Man Health Tips Health Tips For Men In Hindi In Urdu Before Marriage Pdf Before Marriage In Urdu Over 50 In Hindi Language In Tamil In Hindi Pdf In Tamil Language
Man Health Tips Health Tips For Men In Hindi In Urdu Before Marriage Pdf Before Marriage In Urdu Over 50 In Hindi Language In Tamil In Hindi Pdf In Tamil Language
Man Health Tips Health Tips For Men In Hindi In Urdu Before Marriage Pdf Before Marriage In Urdu Over 50 In Hindi Language In Tamil In Hindi Pdf In Tamil Language
Man Health Tips Health Tips For Men In Hindi In Urdu Before Marriage Pdf Before Marriage In Urdu Over 50 In Hindi Language In Tamil In Hindi Pdf In Tamil Language
Man Health Tips Health Tips For Men In Hindi In Urdu Before Marriage Pdf Before Marriage In Urdu Over 50 In Hindi Language In Tamil In Hindi Pdf In Tamil Language
Man Health Tips Health Tips For Men In Hindi In Urdu Before Marriage Pdf Before Marriage In Urdu Over 50 In Hindi Language In Tamil In Hindi Pdf In Tamil Language
Man Health Tips Health Tips For Men In Hindi In Urdu Before Marriage Pdf Before Marriage In Urdu Over 50 In Hindi Language In Tamil In Hindi Pdf In Tamil Language
Man Health Tips Health Tips For Men In Hindi In Urdu Before Marriage Pdf Before Marriage In Urdu Over 50 In Hindi Language In Tamil In Hindi Pdf In Tamil Language
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